Access Modifiers in Python:
===========================
Modifier:
---------
=> Modifier is a word which can change the meaning of other word.
Ex:
Police
Traffic Police

Types of modifiers
-------------------
=> two types of modifiers:
	1) Access modifiers
	2) Non-Access modifiers
=> Access modifiers are used to define the scope the members of the class.
=> Three access modifiers:
	1) Public access modifier
	2) Private access modifier
	3) Protected access modifier

Note:
------
Like java and other languages there are no keywords available in python to define the access modifiers.

public access modifiers:
------------------------- 
=> default in python is called as "public access modifier"
when we can define any data member in a class without any symbol considered as "public".
=> Scope: accessible from anywhere

class MyClass:
    # self.x = 100
    y = 200
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 100

mc = MyClass()
print(mc.x)
print(mc.y)

protected members:
------------------
=> these can be define with single underscore (_)
=> meant for internal use of the class and its subclasses

class MyClass:
    _y = 123
    def __init__(self):
       self. _x = 132
    
mc = MyClass()
print(mc._y)
print(mc._x)

private members:
----------------
=> private members can define with double underscore sign (__)
=> these can allow to access within the same class.

class MyClass:
    __x = 123
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.__y = 321
    
    def display(self):
        print("Private member = ",self.__x)
        print("Private member = ",self.__y)

mc = MyClass()
mc.display()
# print(mc.__x)

Do we able to apply access modifiers to methods of the class?
--------------------------------------------------------------
class MyClass:
    # public method
    def printing(self):
        print("hello")
        
    def _wish(self):
        print("Good evening")
        
    def __show(self):
        print("Welcome To Ashok IT!")
    
    def _display(self):
        self.__show()
        
mc = MyClass()
mc.printing()
mc._wish()
# mc.__show()
mc._display()

class as Public:
----------------
# this is the public class
class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        print("Good evening")

mc = MyClass()

class as protected:
-------------------
# this is the protected class
class _MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        print("Good evening")

mc = _MyClass()
 
class as private:
-----------------
# this is the private class
class __MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        print("Good evening")
        self.x = 100

mc = __MyClass()
print(mc.x)


Example:
--------
# Car Dashboard system

class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model):
        # public members
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model
        
        # protected
        self._engine_number = "ENG12345"
        
        # private members
        self.__password = "car@123"
        
    def show_info(self):
        print(f"Car: {self.brand},Engine : {self._engine_number}")
        
    def __start_engine(self):
        print("Engine started securely with password check....")
    
    def start(self,password):
        if password == self.__password:
            self.__start_engine()
        else:
            print("Wrong password")
            
car1 = Car("Tesla", "Model X")

print(car1._engine_number)
car1.start("car@123")
car1.start("Ravi@123")